When the variables in the example above are declared, they have an undetermined value until they are assigned a value for the first time. But it is possible for a variable to have a specific value from the moment it is declared. This is called the initialization of the variable. In C++, there are three ways to initialize variables. They are all equivalent and are reminiscent of the evolution of the language over the years: The first one, known as c-like initialization (because it is inherited from the C language), consists of appending an equal sign followed by the value to which the variable is initialized: type identifier = initial_value; For example, to declare a variable of type int called x and initialize it to a value of zero from the same moment it is declared, we can write: int x = 0; A second method, known as constructor initialization (introduced by the C++ language), encloses the initial value between parentheses ( () ): type identifier